Douglas McGregor, a social psychologist of Harvard and MIT fame, authored The Human Side of Enterprise in 1960.
The book outlines two distinct styles of management.
Theory X AND Theory Y.
Theory X promotes an authoritarian management style, that emphasizes that 'management' must counteract an inherent human tendency to avoid work'.
Theory Y promotes the idea that 'people will exercise self-direction and self-control in the achievement of organizational objectives to the degree that they are committed to those objectives.''
McGregor believed that Theory Y had the capacity to motivate human beings to the highest level of achievement. He, therefore, recommended Theory Y for adoption by companies.
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