Sapient Craft

Douglas McGregor, a social psychologist of Harvard and MIT fame, authored The Human Side of Enterprise in 1960. The book outlines two distinct styles of management. Theory X AND Theory Y. Theory X promotes an authoritarian management style, that emphasizes that 'management' must counteract an inherent human tendency to avoid work'. Theory Y promotes the idea that 'people will exercise self-direction and self-control in the achievement of organizational objectives to the degree that they are committed to those objectives.'' McGregor believed that Theory Y had the capacity to motivate human beings to the highest level of achievement. He, therefore, recommended Theory Y for adoption by companies.

Charles Handy, an Irish protestant, auhtored The Empty Raincoat and The Gods of Management. Handy'books focuses on how companies cant think beyond the pursuit of profit, by transforming into communities that are sustainable.

Kenichi, a Japanese and an MIT-trained nuclear physicist, put forward the idea of a time frame as the distinguishing factor between Japanese firms and their western competitors. Ohmae argued that Japanese firms emphasized the long-term, while western firms were mainly motivated by short-term profits. He insisted that the short-term focus negatively affected customer service. Ohmae was the head of the Tokyo office of Mc Kinsey-a period during which he authored Triad Power, his most famous book.